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Sanofi’s business centers on medicines for treating disease and vaccines for preventing it, with medicines generating most sales. Dupixent, used for conditions including atopic dermatitis and asthma, is its largest-selling product and contributes a substantial share of revenue. Its vaccine business supplies products such as influenza and pediatric vaccines, including to publicly funded organizations such as UNICEF and GAVI. Sanofi sold control of its consumer-health business, Opella, but retains a minority stake.
Cash comes mainly from product sales to wholesalers and distributors that supply healthcare providers and pharmacies, as well as direct customers such as hospitals and government agencies. A few large customers account for a substantial share of sales. Sanofi also depends on partners: Regeneron jointly develops and commercializes Dupixent, supplies the collaboration’s antibodies and receives a share of profits. For Beyfortus, an antibody that protects infants from RSV, AstraZeneca leads development and manufacturing while Sanofi leads commercialization and records sales.
The business depends on developing new treatments as older medicines lose patent or regulatory protection and face lower-priced competition. Sanofi must obtain and maintain regulatory approval to market its products, and payer reimbursement decisions affect access. Government price controls and insurer rebate demands constrain what it earns from sales, particularly in the United States, its largest market.
The risk section is the longest, dullest part of the filing. This keeps only what can really hurt you: where it hits, how hard, when it plays out.
Every company claims an edge. Each one is checked against hard numbers like margins and returns: which hold, and which line gives way first.
Sanofi depends on Regeneron to make and supply their collaboration antibodies, and shares Dupixent and Kevzara profits with it. Watch Regeneron’s revenue from that profit share: higher Dupixent sales lift Sanofi’s revenue but also increase what it pays its partner.
GSK competes with Sanofi for overlapping vaccine and asthma-medicine buyers, with Nucala facing Dupixent in respiratory biologic treatments. Nucala uptake and vaccine purchasing are the parts of GSK’s business to watch for pressure on Sanofi.
AbbVie’s Rinvoq competes directly with Sanofi’s Dupixent for patients with atopic dermatitis. Watch Rinvoq’s uptake in this skin condition rather than AbbVie’s overall medicine sales to gauge that competition.
Sanofi relies on AstraZeneca to develop and manufacture Beyfortus, the antibody it sells to protect infants from RSV, so both earn revenue from its uptake. Watch Beyfortus sales outside the US: geographic rollout drove Sanofi’s growth there in 2025 while its US sales fell.
Lilly competes with Sanofi for atopic-dermatitis patients through Ebglyss and Olumiant against Dupixent, and both companies also sell competing insulins to people with diabetes. Watch uptake of Lilly’s skin-disease medicines and insulin pricing separately: they touch different parts of Sanofi’s business.
Pfizer competes with Sanofi for COVID-vaccine buyers and atopic-dermatitis patients through Cibinqo against Dupixent. Its RSV vaccination during pregnancy offers another route to protecting infants, making uptake of that approach relevant to Sanofi’s Beyfortus.
Novartis competes with Sanofi’s Dupixent for urticaria patients through Xolair and remibrutinib. Watch uptake in chronic spontaneous urticaria, where Dupixent’s approvals have expanded but its trial results differed across patient groups and endpoints.
Merck and Sanofi share US profits equally from Vaxelis, their jointly developed vaccine protecting children against six diseases. Watch the joint venture’s profit rather than either company’s vaccine sales: US Vaxelis sales are booked by the venture, and Sanofi records half its profit as investment income.
Novo Nordisk competes with Sanofi in both rapid-acting mealtime and long-acting insulins sold to people with diabetes. Its insulin demand and pricing are the relevant signals for Sanofi’s insulin business, which Sanofi expects to become more commoditized under its US pricing agreement.
Sanofi pays Alnylam for technology used in its hemophilia medicine Qfitlia through sales royalties, while Alnylam pays Sanofi royalties on AMVUTTRA and certain ONPATTRO sales. Watch AMVUTTRA sales in particular: Sanofi’s royalty rate rises through sales tiers, reaching 30% on annual global net sales above $1.5 billion.
Sanofi relies on Novavax’s licensed vaccine technology and, until manufacturing transfer is complete, its vaccine and component supplies; Novavax earns milestones and royalties from Sanofi’s commercialization. Watch completion of the manufacturing-process transfer and progress on flu-COVID combination vaccines, rather than treating Novavax’s revenue as vaccine demand alone.
Sanofi must buy all its Aldurazyme supply from BioMarin, which manufactures the medicine while Sanofi sells it worldwide for mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. BioMarin receives 39.5%–50% of Sanofi’s worldwide net sales, depending on volume, making its Aldurazyme revenue a direct signal of this shared business.
Moderna competes with Sanofi’s licensed COVID vaccine through its own COVID vaccines, while its planned flu vaccine targets Sanofi’s established influenza business. Watch Moderna’s COVID-vaccine sales and flu-launch progress separately: one reflects current competition, the other a potential new challenge to Sanofi’s flu sales.
BioMarin Pharmaceuticals Inc earningsBMRN
BioMarin’s report will show how demand is tracking for Aldurazyme, which Sanofi sells, and offer a direct signal of their shared business.
Look at BioMarin’s Aldurazyme revenue. Higher revenue points to stronger sales in the shared business, but BioMarin also receives a volume-dependent share of Sanofi’s worldwide net sales; lower revenue points to weaker sales and a smaller revenue base for Sanofi’s business too.
Novartis AG earningsNVS
Novartis’s report will show how its chronic spontaneous urticaria treatments are competing with Sanofi’s Dupixent for patients.
Look at uptake of Novartis’s treatments for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Rising use would suggest Novartis is gaining ground against Dupixent for these patients, increasing competition for Sanofi; weakening use would leave Dupixent more room to compete.
GSK plc earningsGSK
GSK’s report will show how Nucala and its vaccines are competing for patients and buyers who also matter to Sanofi.
Read Nucala uptake separately from vaccine sales. Rising Nucala use would mean tougher competition with Dupixent in respiratory treatment; stronger vaccine sales would point to firmer competition for overlapping buyers. Weakness in either area would mean less pressure on Sanofi in that part of its business.
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. earningsALNY
Alnylam’s report will show whether AMVUTTRA sales are lifting the royalties it pays Sanofi.
Look at AMVUTTRA’s annual global net sales and the royalty tier they reach: Sanofi’s rate rises to 30% on sales above $1.5 billion. Higher sales reaching that tier would bring Sanofi more royalty income; weaker sales would mean less income from the agreement.
Merck & Co., Inc. earningsMRK
Merck’s report will show how the shared US Vaxelis business is earning, which affects the income Sanofi records from the venture.
Look at the Vaxelis venture’s profit, not Merck’s total vaccine sales: the venture books US Vaxelis sales, and Sanofi records half its profit. Higher venture profit means more investment income for Sanofi; lower profit means less.
Sanofi earningsThis company
Sanofi’s report will show whether sales growth in its key medicines translates into stronger operating earnings after research, selling and partnership costs.
Read Dupixent sales alongside gross margin and operating earnings, and note how the report accounts for costs such as alliance profit shares. If sales growth comes with stronger earnings and margins, more of that growth is reaching Sanofi’s bottom line; if earnings lag sales, costs or partner shares are absorbing more of it.
ABBVIE INC. earningsABBV
AbbVie’s report will show how Rinvoq is competing with Sanofi’s Dupixent for patients with atopic dermatitis.
Look at Rinvoq uptake for atopic dermatitis, not AbbVie’s overall medicine sales. Rising use would mean Rinvoq is gaining ground against Dupixent, putting more pressure on Sanofi’s leading medicine; weakening use would mean less competitive pressure on Dupixent.
AstraZeneca PLC earningsAZN
AstraZeneca’s report will show how Beyfortus is selling outside the US, where its growth matters to Sanofi’s shared business.
Look at Beyfortus sales outside the US. Stronger sales would show the infant RSV-prevention medicine gaining ground in more markets and support the sales Sanofi records; weaker sales would mean this source of growth is fading.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc earningsREGN
Regeneron’s report will show how their antibody business is tracking: more Dupixent sales lift Sanofi’s sales but also increase the profit share it pays its partner.
Read Regeneron’s collaboration revenue alongside Sanofi’s Dupixent sales. Higher collaboration revenue can reflect a larger Dupixent business, but Sanofi also shares more profit with Regeneron; weaker revenue points to a smaller contribution from the shared business. Any reported manufacturing or supply problems matter because they could interrupt sales.
Novo-Nordisk A/S earningsNVO
Novo Nordisk’s report will show insulin demand and pricing, offering a read on the market Sanofi competes in with its own insulin products.
Look at Novo Nordisk’s insulin demand and pricing. Resilient demand and prices would point to a firmer market; weaker demand or pricing pressure would fit the risk Sanofi has identified that insulin is becoming more commoditized, making returns harder to sustain.